{"product_id":"9781108964883","title":"Mach Wave and Acoustical Wave Structure in Nonequilibrium Gas-Particle Flows (Elements in Aerospace Engineering)","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn this Element, the gas-particle flow problem is formulated with momentum and thermal slip that introduces two relaxation times. Starting from acoustical propagation in a medium in equilibrium, the relaxation-wave equation in airfoil coordinates is derived though a Galilean transformation for uniform flow. Steady planar small perturbation supersonic flow is studied in detail according to Whitham's higher-order waves. The signals owing to wall boundary conditions are damped along the frozen-Mach wave, and are both damped and diffusive along an effective-intermediate Mach wave and diffusive along the equilibrium Mach wave where the bulk of the disturbance propagates. The surface pressure coefficient is obtained exactly for small-disturbance theory, but it is considerably simplified for the small particle-to-gas mass loading approximation, equivalent to a simple-wave approximation. Other relaxation-wave problems are discussed. Martian dust-storm properties in terms of gas-particle flow parameters are estimated.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cambridge University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46379588681807,"sku":"00000_00000_00000_00000","price":875.0,"currency_code":"TWD","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/kinokuniya.com.tw\/products\/9781108964883","provider":"Books Kinokuniya Taiwan","version":"1.0","type":"link"}