This book examines qualitatively and quantitatively the exploitation of Africa through six centuries of colonialism and imperialism. The contributions build on previous qualitative analyses. The chapters introduce new ways to measure some of the coerced income and wealth transfers to Europe and North America through systematic underpayments and overcharges. This wealth was wrongfully accumulated using many forms of their abuse of dominance.
The book provides estimates that will be helpful to understanding the growing debate on "reparations." This also contributes to rethinking international development assistance policy. It helps establish a basis for improved estimates of the gains from past and current practices that worked against African economic, social, and political institutions and systems.
This edited volume showcases a variety of scholars with diverse perspectives and establishes, for the first time, the extent of wrongful benefits and damages from 600 years of international harm to the African continent.
Chapter 1 Introduction.- Part 1 Historical Context.- Chapter 2 The European Slave Trade , Imperialism, Colonialism and Neo Colonialism: The Rise of the Western World and Unjust Enrichment.- Chapter 3 Income and Wealth Transfer - The Case of East Africa.- Part 2 Who Benefits and How Much - From Wrongful Taking, Illicit Transactions, and Hidden Subsidies ?.- Chapter 4 Income and Wealth Transfers by Mispricing and Misinvoicing.- Chapter 5 Income and Wealth Transfer Effects of Resource Exploitation - A Theory of Indemnities to Africa.- Chapter 6 Fair and Unfair Wealth Transfer Effects of The Palm Oil Trade in Nigeria, 1868-1959 - Illustrative Partial Estimates.- Chapter 7 Damages and Unjust Enrichment: The Example of Suriname and the Netherlands.- Chapter 8 Monopolization, Exploitation, Business Disruption, Loss of Profits, and Unjust Enrichment: Siphoning the Benefits From Trade: The Case of Nigeria and the United Kingdom.- Chapter 9 Income and Wealth Transfers: the Atlantic Slave Trade.- Chapter 10 Damages to Africa, and Benefits to U S and Europe - Income and Wealth Transfer Effects of Colonialism.- Chapter 11 How Extractive Was Colonial Trade ? - Evidence from French Africa.- Chapter 12 Income and Wealth Transfer Effects of Colonialism, and Migrant Labor, in Southern Africa.- Chapter 13 Damages From The Slave Trade and Colonialism.- Part 3 Unequal Exchange - Can Labor Theory of Value, and Unequal Exchange, Provide Useful Analysis?.- Chapter 14 Estimating Unequal Exchange- Sub Saharan Africa to the World.- Chapter 15 A Critique of Unequal Exchange Approaches.- Chapter 16 Taxation and European Colonial Accumulation:Income and Wealth Transfers.- Part 4 Forensic Analysis - How Large the Damages ?- Answering the "But For" Questions - Can Forensic Analysis Apply ? Damages for Personal Injury, and Wrongful Death - "Who Knows Where Africa Would Be?" - Blocked Alternative Growth Paths - Interference and Loss of Potential Profits -Business Interruption 1519 - 2023.- Chapter 17 Reparations to Africa for the Slave Trades - An Hedonic Damages Approach to Calculating the Value of Lost Freedom.
Richard F. America is Professor of Practice Emeritus in the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University, where he taught courses on community reinvestment and investing in Africa. He is the author of numerous books and scholarly articles. His seminal article, "What Do You People Want?" (Harvard Business Review, 1969), helped set the stage for the ongoing discussion of a form of reparations in the United States. His work in Africa has focused on improving management education, strengthening business schools, and expanding manufacturing as well as community economic development.
