Ruin the Sacred Truths : Poetry and Belief from the Bible to the Present (The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures)

“[Bloom] is the Satan of criticism...he is heroic even in those passages in which we are permitted to suspect that he may be a charlatan.”—Dennis Donoghue, New York Review of Books The most prodigious literary mind of his generation on the transcendent acts of self-creation that define the Western canon, from the Torah to Samuel Beckett. John Milton’s contemporary Andrew Marvell once confessed that reading Paradise Lost troubled his faith. Milton’s lyrical prowess was beyond doubt, but precisely because of his poetic genius Marvell feared “That he would ruin (for I saw him strong) / The sacred Truths to Fable and old Song.” If heaven, hell, and rebelling angels were reduced to fodder for the poet’s imagination, how could they remain objects of sincere religious belief? In this fascinating series of lectures, delivered at Harvard in 1987–1988, Harold Bloom confirms Marvell’s worst fear: all serious poets, Bloom argues, must ruin the sacred truths, unraveling cherished beliefs and literary traditions to create a world in their own image. From the earliest source documents of the Torah, written by a hypothetical author called the Yahwist or simply “J,” to the heretical reinterpretations of Judaism in Freud, Kafka, and Gershom Scholem, Bloom shows us how great authors construct the new by destroying the old. In the process they wrest divinity from the hand of the deity: Milton’s Satan, infinitely more complex and compelling than his God, embodies the author’s pursuit of humanity and literary greatness against the strictures of received religion; Wordsworth, prophet of nature, “celebrates his own godhood”; and Shakespeare’s characters, as much as the Bible’s, establish a ubiquitous and inescapable framework for representing the human personality. Brisk and impassioned, Ruin the Sacred Truths gives us Bloom in all his dimensions. Jewish Gnostic, reverent Freudian, and relentless proselytizer of the sublime, he was convinced, above all, that if salvation could be found any