This book applies the principles of Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) to infant-toddler care and education today in England, the USA, New Zealand, and Hong Kong. The book contributes to critical debates on the application of Froebelian principles, including unity and connectedness, play, nature, and creativity, and makes recommendations for practice in infant-toddler education and care settings in diverse cultural contexts. The authors present new research from ethnographic studies carried out in the four countries which investigate pedagogies of care with one-year-olds in infant-toddler settings. To avoid perpetuating a universal approach, the book presents multiple perspectives based on the diverse cultures across the four countries. Throughout the book, connections are made between Froebelian principles, infant-toddler pedagogy, and early learning.
